Apparatus for controlling selective delivery of fluid from a continuous delivery source to a fluiddriven motor



J. F. ZISKAL Err-AL. ,SLOEE FLUID FROM -DRIVEN MOTOR 2 Shasta-Sheet l ACONTINUOUS DELIVERY SOURCE TO A FLUID (foam/ Tzis' APPARATUS FORCONTROLLING SELECTIVE DELIVERY OF Filed July 18, 1945 J. F. ZISKAL ETAL'A5LM APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING SELECTIVE DELIVERY OF FLUID FROM 7 ACONTINUOUS DELIVERY SOURCE TO A FLUID-DRIV EN MOTOR Filed July 18, 19452 Sheets-Sham. 2

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Patented Oct. 12, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE APPARATUS FORCONTROLLING SELEC- TIVE DEDIVERY OF FLUID FROM A CON- TINUOUS DELIVERYSOURCE TO A FLUID- DRIVEN MOTOR Joseph F. Ziskal, Cicero, and William 0.Bechman, Chicago, Ill., assignors to International .Harvester Company, acorporation oi New Jersey Application July 18, 1945, Serial No. 805.708

6 Claims. (Cl. 60 -52) pump delivers fluid and for determining which endoi the motor cylinder i I receives the fluid and which end exhaustsfluid-is in theiorm a settable valve structure it in the upper left-handportion of Figure 1.

The assembled valve structure i8 comprises relatively movable parts I4and i5 of which the former is a sleeve-like member iournaled upon itsouter cylindrical periphery within a casing i8. A sealing contact existsbetween the outer periphery of the rotatable sleeve i4 and the innermotor-actuating fluid conditionable to deliver at relatively high andlow pressures, of fluid-energized control means including valvesselectively operable to direct the source output, and fluid motor meansfor selectively incurring'operation of said valves concurrently withincurring conditioning of said source for high pressure and forincurring conditioning of said source for low pressure when none of thevalves is operated.

A further contemplation and object of this invention is the provision insaid fluid-energized control means of settable valve means having aportion manually settable in opposite directions from a neutral positionrelatively to a mechanically movable portion to cause operation of thevalves to direct the fluid into a motor for causing correspondingdirectional operation thereof, and an operative drive connection betweenthe motor and the mechanically movable valve portion for moving the sameto reestablish said neutral position when the motor operates an amountand direction correlated with the amount and direction of setting of themanually settable portion.

A more thorough understanding of the invention and of the above andancillary objects thereof can be had from the following description andthe annexed drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a view partly diagrammatic illustrating a hydraulic powertransmission system having-a preferred form of the invention-embodiedtherein.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a settable valve structureillustrated in the upper left-hand portion of Figure 1. v I

Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are respective sectional periphery of the casingit in contact therewith. A pair oidiametrically opposite ports I1 and isof circumferential extent, illustrated in Figure 3, are formed in anupper portion oi! the sleeve it.

Grooves i9 and 2i extendingcircumierentially oi the sleeve from theports I! and I! are arranged diametrically opposite for contributing toa balance of fluid pressure between this sleeve and the casing toalleviate any tendency for disalinement or binding of the sleeve uponthe casing when rotated relatively thereto. A second pair ofdiametrically opposite ports, 22 and 28, shownin Figure 4, are formed inthe sleeve i4 below the ports I! and is. A third set of ports at asection below the ports 22 and 28 are designated 3i--32, 33-34, 35-50and 81-88. At the inner periphery of the sleeve N the paired ports lli8, 22-23, 24-25 and 28-21, respectively, cooperate with channels H,42, 43 and 44 bridging the rotatable core l5. The outer periphery oi thecore i5 has a slidable sealing contact with the inner periphery of thesleeve l4. Rotation oi! the core views taken transversely on thesettable valve trol for determining the pressure at which the i5 is hadby means of a handle 45. Rotation of the sleeve l4 isefiectedmechanically through a linkage comprising an arm 46 connected with thelower end of said sleeve and constrained for rotation therewith and alink 41 connecting an end of this arm with the outer end of a piston rod48 of the piston or work member iii of the motor M. Fluid is deliveredto the motor M through a fluid conducting passage 49.- This passageconnects with one end of the cylinder -il through an inlet passage XIand connects with the opposite .end of the cylinder through an inletpassage X2. Inlet passage Xi has an admittance valve X3 in seriestherewith and also a check valve X4. Passage XZ- has an admittance valveX5 and a check valve X6. Exhaust passages X1 and X8 having exhaustvalves X9 and 5i therein are communicative with opposite ends of thecylinder through 3 portions of the inlet passages XI and X2. Exhaustpassages X1 and X8 are confluent with a passage 52 which leads to thereservoir. The associated valves X3, X4 and X9 control the admittance,exhaust and entrapment of fluid in the left end of the motor cylinder,while the associated valves X5, X6 and t control the admittance, exhaustand entrapment of fluid in the opposite end of said cylinder.

Fluid motor units 53 and 54 operate the admittance valves X3 and X5,whereas fluid motor units 55 and 56 operate the exhaust valves X9 and5i. Each of these motor units comprises a cylinder CY containing apiston PI from which a valve operating system STextends downwardly forunseating the ball B of its associated normally closed valve. Branchesof a conduit 51 are connected with the cylinders of motor units 53 and56 for subjecting these motor units to a different status of fluidpressure to respectively incur the open position of the valvescontrolled thereby and their closed position. Branches of a conduit 55are connected with motor units 54 and 55 to likewise subject these motorunits to different pressures of operating fluid for incurring the sameresult.

With the parts in the condition illustrated in Figure 1, fluiddischarged from the source P passes upwardly through a conduit 59, pasta bypass-valve having a valve seat GI and a member 52 projectible intothe seat for closing such valve. While the valve 6|62 is open, as shown,the fluid enters the reservoir R at low pressure through a by-passpassage 63 and the passage 64. 'Some of the fluid diverts from thepassage 55 through a fluid receiving passage 65 having a restricted flowcapacity section 56. Said fluid receiving passage has serially arrangedopenings in valve seats 61 and 68 which are adapted to be closed bycooperative valve members 69 and 1i. When the valve members 69 and iiare elevated from their valve seats, as shown in Figure 1, fluidintroduced into the fluid receiving passage 65 escapes at low pressurethrough the conduit 64 into the reservoir. have pistons 12 and 15 upontheir upper ends comprising the movable elements of fluid motor units 14and 15. The lower ends in these motor units are communicative with thesource through conduits 16 and 11, whereby fluid acting upon the lowerends of the pistons 12 and 13 can maintain these pistons at their upperlimits of movement and thereby maintain the control valves 61-59 and65-1l open.

The flow rate from the fluid receiving passage 55 through the opencontrol valves 61-59 and 55-" exceeds the flow capacity or the passagerestricted section 65, so that insumcient pressure of the fluid canbuild up in the passage 65 for forcing the fluid upwardly through apassage 15 into a chamber 19, in which the by-pass valve member 52slides, for supplementing a spring 5i in closing theby-pass valve.However, upon the closing of either of the control valves 61-69 or55-11, the pressure in the fluid receiving passage 55 will be increasedwith the eflect of closing the bypass valve and thereby conditioning thesource P to deliver fluid at high pressure. v

The relatively movable parts l4 and 15 of the assembled valvestructureii are illustrated in .thelr neutral position in Figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and6.

the motor piston I to the left, whereas relative movement of the core i5clockwise from the neu; tral position, will incur movement of the motorpiston to the right. Considering flrst the condition prevailing when thecore and sleeve are in their neutral position, illustrated in Figures 3to 6, each of the two core passages 4i and 44 register at their endswith the ports l1-l8 and 26--21. Ports l1|5 communicate through casingports 3i and 32 with a branch of the conduit 55 and a branch of aconduit 55 which leads to the reservoir. Sleeve ports 26 and 21comm'unicate through their extensions 28 and 28 and valve casing ports38 and 31 with a branch of the conduit 51 and a branch of said conduit85. Concurrently, the diametric channels 42 and 43 in the rotatable corel5 are blocked at their ends by the rotatable sleeve 15 are also thuspermitted to move upwardly Valve members 68 and 11 under the influenceof fluid received through the conduits 46 and 15 to exhaust any fluid inthese units into the conduits 51 and 55.

When the core I5 is rotated counterclockwise, as viewed in Figures 3 to6, the core passages and 44 do not change their status of connection. InFigure 5 it can be seen that the passage 45 will remain sealed at itsends by the body of the sleeve [4, whereas, in Figure 6 it can be beseen that the passage 44 will remain in registry with the ports 26 and21. Therefore the fluid motor means consisting oi the fluid motor units53, and 15, connected with the passage 51. will remain connected withthe exhaust.

'Valves X3 and 5| will remain closed and the control valve 61-69'willremain open. Such counterclockwise rotation of the core is will,however, change the connecting status of the core channels 4! and 42comprising part of a settable valve means which controls the fluid motormeans consisting of the fluid motor units 55, 54 and 14. In Figure 3 itcan be seen that said counterclockwise rotation of the core I5 willcarry the ends of the channel 4i into seating relation with the body i4and terminate the exhaust condition-for the motor units 55, 54 and 14.Such counterclockwise rotation of the core,

.as seen in Figure 4, will establish the core channel 42 incommunicative relation with the ports at its opposite ends and hencewith the conduits 49 and 55. Thereupon, fluid from the source will reachthe conduit 55 through the conduit 45 and will force the pistons of themotors 55. 54 and 14 downwardl to concurrently open the valves X5 and X5and close the control valve 55-1 I.

This closing of the control valve 55-1i blocks escape of the fluid fromthe fluid receiving passage 55, wherefore, this fluid builds upsuflicient pressure beneath the by-pass valve member 52 in the chamber15 to seat this valve member at 6!. In this manner the source P ofactuating fluid is conditioned for operation at high pressure and thefluid flowing from the source through the passage 45 enters the inletpassage X2 where it flows past the then opened admittance valve X5 andthe check valve X5 into the right end of the motor cylinder. Since theexhaust valve X5 8 is now open, the fluid. entering .the right end ofthe motorcylinder can force the piston I8 to the left. while the latterexhausts fluid from the left end of the cylinder past the exhaust valveX8 and.into the reservoir through the passage 82. Pursuant to movementof the'piston or work member to the left, the connection 41-48betweenthe piston rod 48 and the valve structure sleeve I4 eflectsrotation of this sleeve counterclockwise. After the motor M is operatedan amount correlated with the amount of setting of the core I8 in thecounterclockwise direction, the motor-driven sleeve I4 will reestablishits neutral position with respect to said core, re placing the sleeveand core in the relative positions illustrated in Figures 3 to 8.Thereupon the motor units 88. 84, and 14 will be reconnected with thelow pressure side of this system through the core passage 4i anddisconnected from the high pressure side of this system by the cuttingoil of this connection through the core passage 42. This changingpressure status upon the motor units 88, 84 and 14 incurs closing of theexhaust valve X8. of the admittance valve X8 and opening of the controlvalve 88-", asexplained above. v

Should the settable valve structure core I! be rotated clockwise fromthe neutral setting, 11'- lustrated in Figures 3 to 6, the connectingstatus of the channels and '42 of the settable valve of the core I8will, however, change the communiished pressure status and thereby incurclosing of the valves X8 and 8| and opening of the control valve 81-88.g

While the fluid motor unit 18 is being subjected to the pressure fluidfrom the\source through the conduit 81 and also through the conduit 18,the same unit pressure will be applied to the upper and lower sides ofthepiston 13 of this motor unit.. However. since a large diameterportion 8| projects downwardly from the lower end of the piston into achamber 82, the area at the lower end of the piston subjected to saidu-nit pressure will be less than the corresponding area atthe upper endof the piston, so that the piston is forced downwardly for flrmlyclosing the control valve 81-88. A low pressure condition in the motorchamber 82 is assured by a drainage channel 88 which is communicativewith. the reservoir through the passage 84. The arrangement for andfunctioning oi the motor unit 14 is as just described for the motor 18.

A pressure relief valve 84 is formed within the by-pass valve member 82.Said member 82 is provided with an axial bore 88 leading to a springchamber 88 therein. Bore 88 slidably receives a headed pressure reliefvalve member 81 of which the head is disposed within the chamber 88 andurged upwardly by a spring 88. Should the pressure within the passage 88become excessive. while the by-pass valve member 82 is retained upon itsseat 8!, this pressure acting upon the upper end of the slidable reliefvalve member 81 will force this member downwardly against the force ofspring 88 to establish connection between the upper end portion of thebore 88 and laterally extending bores 88 to permit escape of the fluidinto the by-pass passage 63. F'luidthat may leak past the member 81 intothe spring the low pressure side of the system through the conduit 88.When the core channel 44 terminates its connection between the ports 28and 21, the clockwise rotated core will place its channel 48communicatively between the sleeve ports 24 and 28. The status thenprevails in which the channel 81 is cut off from communication with thelow pressure side of the system and connected with the fluid sourcethrough the conduit 48. Thereupon the motor units 83, 88 and 18 will besubjected to an increased pressure status for opening the 'valves X8 andBI and closing the control valve 61-88. Such closing of the controlvalve 81-88 has the same eii'ect, described above, of closing thecontrol valve 881I for conditioning the source to deliver fluid at highpressure. Fluid at high pressure enters the motor inlet passage XI fromthe conduit 48 and flows past the open admittance valve X8 and the checkvalve X4 into the left end of the motor cylinder. Pursuant to theresulting movement of the motor piston to the right, fluid displacedfrom the right end of the motor cylinder is exhausted past the thenopened exhaust valve 8i and through the exhaust channel 82 into thereservoir. When the motor piston has moved an amount correlated with theclockwise setting piston rod 48 and the rotatable sleeve l4 willreestablish the relative neutral position of the core and sleeve,illustrated in Figure 3, disconnecting the conduit 81 from the conduit48 and reconof the valve core l8. the connection between the iect thefluid motor means 88-88-18 a diminchamber 88 can escape into the by-passpassage through a drainage passage I88.

In a modified form of control system, shown in Figure '1, forconditioning the source of fluid to operate at relatively high and lowpressures, a fluid motor unit I8I, is normally energized for holding theball N2 of a by-pass valve I81 unseated and the valve opened to createthe low pressure operating condition. To simplify the description of theapparatus shown in Figure '1, those parts identical with orcorresponding to parts in Figure l, have been illustrated by the samereference characters with the addition of a prime. Control valves I84and I88 are closed during low pressure operation. When these valves areso closed, pressure is caused to build up in the fluid receiving passage88' for forcing the piston I88 of the fluid motor I8I upwardly to holdthe biased valve ball I82 unseated. Energization of the motor units 14'and 18' by the pressure of fluid received through the conduits 88' and81' will force the pistons of these motors downwardly for unseating theballs oftheir associated valves I84 and H18. When either of the motors14' and 18' is energized for opening its associated control valve, fluidcan escape from the fluid receiving passage 88', lowering the pressuretherein because of the restricted section 88' therein and permitting thespring I81 to seat the by-pass valve ball I82. The most significantdifference in the system shown in Figure 7, and that correspondingthereto in Figure 1, is the employment of the normally closed controlvalves I84 and I88 in a parallel arrangement, instead of the normallyopen control valves 81-88 and Iii-1| disclosed in series. Entailed inthis difference ofthe two systems is the fluid pressure energization ofthe by-pass valve control motor IOI for maintaining the by-pass valveopen in the Figure 7 embodiment in contrast to the accumulation of fluidpressure in the chamber II of Figure 1 for closing the by-pass valve 6l-BI.

Having described a limited number of embodiments of the invention withthe view of clearly illustrating the same, we claim:

1. In apparatus for controlling delivery of fluid from a continuousdelivery source to a fluiddriven motor for operating the same, a fluiddelivery passage for communication between the source and said motor, aby-pass passage communicatfve with said source for by-passing the fluidtherefrom about the fluid delivery passage, a pressure responsiveby-pass valve in control of the flow of fluid through the by-passpassage, a fluid receiving passage communicative with said source toreceive fluid therefrom and having a discharge opening which is ciosableto cause accumulation of fluid in such fluid receiving passage and anincrease in pressure of the accumulated fluid, said discharge openingbeing openable to allow escape of the accumulated fluid and diminutionof its pressure, said by-pass valve being subjectable to the pressure offluid in the fluid receiving passage and being operable to close theby-pass passage when subjected to the pressure of the accumulated fluidand operable to open the by-pass passage when subjected to thediminished pressure of the escaping fluid, a fluid actuated controlvalve for said discharge opening and operable when subjected to pressurein one range to incur closing of such opening and operable whensubjected to pressure in another range to incur opening of such opening,a control passage communicative between said source and said fluidactuated valve, settable valve means connected with said control passageand settable to utilize the pressure of fluid at said source inselectively subjecting the fluid actuated control valve to pressure insaid ranges, a second settable valve means which is interposed betweenthe delivery passage and said motor and means for coordinately settingsaid settable valve means to subject said fluid actuated control valveto pressure in the one range to cause closing of the by-pass valveattendant to communicatively connecting the delivery passage with themotor and to subject the fluid actuated control valve to the otherpressure range to cause the open condition of the by-pass valveattendant to terminating the communicative connection of the deliverypassage with said motor.

2. In apparatus for controlling delivery of fluid from a continuousdelivery source to a fluiddriven motor for driving the same, a fluiddelivery passage for communication between the source and said motor, aby-pass passage communicative with said source for by-passing the fluidtherefrom about the fluid delivery passage a pressure responsive by-passvalve in control of the flow of fluid through the by-pass passage, afluid receiving passage communicative with said source to receive fluidtherefrom and having a discharge opening which is ciosable to causeaccumulation when subjected to pressure in another range to incuropening of such opening, a control passage communicative between saidsource and said fluid actuated valve, settable valve means connectedwith said control passage and settable to utilize the pressure of fluidat said source in'selectively subjecting the fluid actuated controlvalve topressure in said ranges, a second settable valve means which isinterposed between the delivery passage and said motor, and means forcoordinately setting said settable valve means to subjectsaid fluidactuated control valve to pressure in the range incurring the relativepressure in said receiving passage for closing of the by-pass valveattendant to communicatively connectingthe delivery passage with thesaid motor and to subject the fluid actuated control valve-to thepressure range incurring the relative pressure in said receiving passagefor opening of the by-pass valve attendant to terminating the connectionof the delivery passage with th said motor.

3. In apparatus for controlling delivery of actuating fluid to afluid-actuated device from a constant delivery'sourceconditionable forrelatively high and low pressure operation and for controlling exhaustof the fluid from the device; an inlet passage communicative betweensaid source and said device, an admittance valve in said passage andselectively ciosable or openable to respectively block the admittance offluid to the device through said passage or terminate its blockingfunction; an outlet passage communicative with said device; an exhaustvalve in said outlet passage and selectively ciosable or openable torespectively block the exhaust of fluid from the device through suchoutlet passage or terminate its blocking function, fluid motor meansoperable when subjected to one status of fluid pressure to incur openingof said admittance valve and while incurring conditioning of said sourcefor high pressure delivery and operable when subjected to another statusof fluid pressure to incur closin of said admittance valve whileincurring conditioning of said source for low pressure operation,additional fluid motor means operable when subjected to one status offluid pressure to incur opening of the exhaust valve and operable whensubjected to another status of fluid pressure to incur closing of theexhaust valve, and settable valve means communicatively interposedbetween said source and each of said motor means to utilize the pressureof fluid at said source in subjecting the motor means to diiIerent fluidpressure statuses, said settable valve means being settable from aneutral position wherein each of said motor means is subjected to fluidpressure at its other status to positions selectively creating the onestatus of pressure subjection of said motor means.

4. In apparatus for controlling delivery of actuating fluid to afluid-actuated device from a con stant delivery source conditionable[oi-relatively high and low pressure operation and for controllingexhaust of the fluid from the device; an inlet passage communicativebetween said source and said device; an admittance valve comprising aseat surrounding a section of such passage and a member normallyyieldably seated in the downstream direction upon said seat for closingsaid passage; an outlet passage communicative with '9 said device; anexhaust valve comprising aseat surrounding a section of such outletpassage and a member normally yieldably seated in the downstreamdirection on such seat for closing the outfluid pressure to incurseating of the exhaust valve member, and settable valve meanscommunicatively interposed between said source and each of said motormean to utilize the pressure of fluid at said source in subjecting themotor means to different fluid pressure statuses, said settable valvemeans being settable from a neutral position wherein each of said motormeans is subjected to fluid pressure at its other status to positionsselectively creating the one status of pressure subjection of said motormeans.

5. In apparatus for controlling selective delivery of actuating fluid todifferent portions of a reversibly operable motor from a constantdelivery source conditionable to operate at relatively high and lowpressures and for controlling exhaust of the fluid from each of saidmotor portions coordinately with fluid delivery to the other of suchportions; inlet passages communicative between said source and saidmotor portions, admittance valves in said inlet passages, outletpassages communicative with said motor portions,

exhaust valves in said outlet passages and respectively associated withthe admittance valves in the inlet passages communicating with thecorresponding motor portions, fluid motorv means operable when subjectedto one status of fluid pressure to open one of said admittance valvesconcurrently with opening the exhaust valve unassociated therewith andconcurrently with conditioning said source for high pressure operation,said fluid motor means being operable when subjected to another statusof fluid pressure to incur closing of said one admittance valve and ofits unassociated exhaust valve and resumption of low pressure operationof the fluid source, a second fluid motor -means operable when subjectedto one status of fluid pressure to open the other of said admittancevalves concurrently with opening the other exhaust valve andconditioning said source for high pressure operation, the second fluidmotor means being operable when subjected to another status admittanceand exhaust valves and resumption of low pressure operationof the fluidsource, and

of fluid pressure to incur closing of said other 6. In apparatus for'controlling selective delivery and exhaust of actuating fluid to andfrom different portions of a motor to cause movement of a work member inrespectively opposite directions, the delivery being from a constantdelivery source conditionable to operate at relatively high and lowpressures; inlet passages communicative between said source and saidmotor portions, admittance valves in said inlet passages, outletpassages communicative with said motor portions. exhaust valves in saidoutlet passages and respectively associated with the admittance valvesin the inlet passages communicating with the corresponding motorportions, fluid motor means operable when subjected to one statusof'fluid pressure to open one of said admittance valves concurrentlywith opening the exhaust valve unassociated therewith and concurrentlywith conditioning said source for high pressure operation, said-fluidmotor means being operable when subjected to another status of fluidpressure to incur closing of said one admittance valve and of itsunassociated exhaust valve and resumption of low pressure operationofthe fluid source, a second fluid motor means operable when subjectedto one status of fluid pressure to open the other of said admittancevalves concurrently with opening the other exhaust valve andconditioning said source for high pressure operation, the second fluidmotor means being operable when subjected to another status of fluidpressure to incur closing of said other admittance and exhaust valvesand resumption of low pressure operation of the fluid source, andsettable valve means communicativcly interposed between said source andeach of said motor means-to utilize the pressure of fluid at said sourcein subjecting the motor means to different fluid pressure statuses, saidsettable valve means comprising relatively movable complemental portedmembers relatively disposable in a neutral position to subject each ofsaid 'motor means to its said other status of fluid pressure, one ofsaid valve members being settable in opposite directions from theneutral position to alternatlvely subject said motor means to their saidone status of fluid pressure to incur movement of the work member incorresponding opposite directions, and said work member beingoperatively connected with the other of said relatively movableportedmembers to move the same therewith to reestablish said neutralposition when the work member has moved an amount and directioncorrelated with the amount and direction of movement of the one valvemember.

JOSEPH F. ZISKAL. wniLmM o. BECHMAN.

REFERENCES crrnp The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date 677,858 Collier July 9, 1901 1,773,7942,069,540 2,174,965 2,286,880 2,302,663 2,363,235

Sanford Feb. 2, 1937 Burdick Oct. 3, 1939 Traut June 16, 1942 GampbellNov. 24, 1942 Ellinwood Nov. 21, 1944 Schneider Aug. 26, 1930

